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Lake Bogoria, Rift Valley

Region — Rift Valley

A chain of lakes, each with a different chemistry and a different list

The Rift is Kenya's spine and its greatest concentration of birds. Naivasha is freshwater and heaving with waterbirds; Bogoria is soda and can hold hundreds of thousands of Lesser Flamingo; Baringo is warm, low and northern in character, with cliffs that produce Verreaux's Eagle and hornbills you will not see further south. Everything is close together, which makes the Rift the single most efficient birding region in the country.

Arthur Buliva · CC BY-SA 3.0· placeholder

Sites
6
Region
Rift Valley
Signature species
Lesser Flamingo
Plate
03
White-crested Turaco (Tauraco leucolophus) photographed at Kerio Valley
Kerio Valley, Rift Valley
Hemprich's Hornbill (Lophoceros hemprichii) photographed at Lake Baringo
Site 01Rift Valley

Kerio Valley

A dramatic escarpment drop into hot dry country, with a Sudan-Guinea flavour to the list.

Access
5 hours from Nairobi, via Eldoret
Habitat
Hot dry valley floor, escarpment woodland, riverine strip
Best time
June–September

The road off the Elgeyo escarpment into the Kerio Valley loses 1,200 m in a few kilometres, and the avifauna changes completely on the way down. White-crested Turaco and Hemprich’s Hornbill appear in the wooded gullies, Bristle-crowned Starling on the rocks, and Fox Kestrel hunts the cliff line.

It is usually combined with a Baringo stay or a run through to Kongelai, and it makes a spectacular driving day even between birds.

Key species
  • White-crested Turaco
  • Hemprich's Hornbill
  • Fox Kestrel
  • Bristle-crowned Starling
  • Bruce's Green Pigeon
  • Mocking Cliff Chat
Verreaux's Eagle (Aquila verreauxii) photographed at Hell's Gate
Hell's Gate Gorge, Rift Valley
Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) photographed at Hell's Gate
Site 02Rift Valley

Hell’s Gate National Park

One of the few Kenyan parks you can walk and cycle — cliffs for Verreaux's Eagle and Rüppell's Vulture at eye level.

Access
20 minutes from Naivasha; walk or cycle in
Habitat
Volcanic gorge, cliffs, open grassland
Best time
Year-round, early morning

Hell’s Gate is a walk-in park, which changes everything about how you bird it. Fischer’s Tower and the main cliffs hold breeding Verreaux’s Eagle and a Rüppell’s Vulture colony, and because you are on foot on the gorge rim, the views are level rather than craned.

Mocking Cliff Chat, Schalow’s Wheatear and Nyanza Swift work the rock faces, and the open grassland between the gates is good for larks and coursers.

Key species
  • Verreaux's Eagle
  • Rüppell's Vulture
  • Mocking Cliff Chat
  • Schalow's Wheatear
  • Nyanza Swift
  • Augur Buzzard
  • Chestnut-banded Plover
Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) photographed at Lake Nakuru
Lake Nakuru, Rift Valley
Verreaux's Eagle (Aquila verreauxii) photographed at Hell's Gate
Site 03Rift Valley

Lake Nakuru National Park

A fenced soda lake with cliffs, euphorbia forest and a rhino population — plus Kenya's other reliable Grey-crested Helmetshrike site.

Access
2.5 hours from Nairobi
Habitat
Soda lake, euphorbia forest, yellow fever-tree woodland, cliffs
Best time
Year-round

Nakuru’s water levels have risen dramatically over the past decade, drowning much of the old fever-tree woodland and changing the park’s character. It remains excellent: Great White Pelican in numbers, Greater and Lesser Flamingo when the chemistry suits, and Verreaux’s Eagle from Baboon Cliff.

The acacia belt on the eastern side is the second dependable site in Kenya for Grey-crested Helmetshrike, and the surrounding grassland holds displaying Long-tailed Widowbird through the rains. Both Black and White Rhino are easy here.

Key species
  • Great White Pelican
  • Grey-crested Helmetshrike
  • Verreaux's Eagle
  • Lesser Flamingo
  • Long-tailed Widowbird
  • Rufous-throated Wryneck
  • Grey-headed Gull
  • Little Grebe
African Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer) photographed at Lake Naivasha
Lake Naivasha, Rift Valley
Goliath Heron (Ardea goliath) photographed at Lake Naivasha
Site 04Rift Valley

Lake Naivasha

Kenya's most accessible freshwater lake, with fever-tree woodland behind it and a boat trip that delivers.

Access
1.5 hours from Nairobi
Habitat
Freshwater lake, papyrus fringe, fever-tree woodland
Best time
Year-round; November–March for Palearctic waterbirds

Naivasha is freshwater in a valley of soda lakes, and that single fact gives it a completely different list from Nakuru or Bogoria. A dawn boat along the papyrus produces African Fish Eagle at close range, Goliath Heron, Purple Swamphen, African Water Rail and, in the quiet backwaters, White-backed Duck.

Behind the lake, the yellow fever-tree woodland is excellent in its own right, and Grey Crowned Crane works the lawns of the lakeshore properties. Hell’s Gate, twenty minutes away, adds cliff species to the same day.

Key species
  • African Fish Eagle
  • Goliath Heron
  • White-backed Duck
  • African Water Rail
  • Grey Crowned Crane
  • Great White Pelican
  • Purple Swamphen
  • Long-toed Lapwing
Hemprich's Hornbill (Lophoceros hemprichii) photographed at Lake Baringo
Lake Baringo, Rift Valley
Verreaux's Eagle (Aquila verreauxii) photographed at Hell's Gate
Site 05Rift Valley

Lake Baringo

Hot, low and northern in character — cliffs for Verreaux's Eagle and a hornbill list you get nowhere else.

Access
4.5 hours from Nairobi
Habitat
Freshwater lake, acacia bush, sandstone cliffs, dry scrub
Best time
June–September and January–February

Baringo is the most northern-feeling site on a standard Kenya circuit. The cliffs behind the lake hold Verreaux’s Eagle, Hemprich’s Hornbill and Bristle-crowned Starling, and the rocks themselves hold Brown-tailed Rock Chat, a species with a tiny world range centred on this valley.

The acacia around the lake produces Jackson’s Hornbill, Northern Masked Weaver and a superb night-birding list — Slender-tailed Nightjar on the tracks and Three-banded Courser with a spotlight.

Baringo’s local guides are among the best in Africa at pinning roosting owls and nightjars, and a morning with them is worth more than two days working the site alone.

Key species
  • Hemprich's Hornbill
  • Jackson's Hornbill
  • Bristle-crowned Starling
  • Brown-tailed Rock Chat
  • Verreaux's Eagle
  • Three-banded Courser
  • Slender-tailed Nightjar
  • Northern Masked Weaver
  • White-crested Turaco
Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) photographed at Lake Bogoria
Lake Bogoria, Rift Valley
Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) photographed at Lake Bogoria
Site 06Rift Valley

Lake Bogoria

A soda lake with geysers that can hold several hundred thousand Lesser Flamingo at once.

Access
4 hours from Nairobi
Habitat
Alkaline soda lake, hot springs, acacia scrub
Best time
Year-round; flamingo numbers peak unpredictably

When the algal bloom is right, Bogoria holds one of the great wildlife spectacles on Earth: a shoreline of Lesser Flamingo running for kilometres, with steam from the hot springs drifting through them. Numbers move between Bogoria, Nakuru and the Tanzanian lakes with the chemistry, so this is a site to check rather than assume.

The scrub behind the lake is worth working for dry-country species, and Greater Flamingo is always mixed in with the Lessers for comparison.

Key species
  • Lesser Flamingo
  • Greater Flamingo
  • Grey-headed Gull
  • Cape Teal
  • Hemprich's Hornbill
  • Little Grebe